Industrial Revolution 3.0 — Era Of Computerization
Every industrial revolution brings along a learning revolution. — Alexander De Croo
Brief
It started with the primary computer period. These early computers were frequently exceptionally straightforward, cumbersome and unimaginably huge relative to the computing power they were able to supply, but they laid the basis for a world nowadays that one is hard-pressed to suppose without computer technology. Around 1970the Third Mechanical Transformation included the utilization of hardware and IT to assist computerization in generation. Manufacturing and automation progressed significantly much appreciated to Web get to, network and renewable vitality. Industry 3.0 introduced more computerized frameworks onto the line to perform human assignments, i.e. utilizing Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). In spite of the fact that mechanized frameworks were in put, they still depended on human input and mediation.
Timeline
The Third Industrial Transformation, or Digital Transformation, started within the late 1900s and is characterized by the spread of computerization and digitization through the utilization of hardware and computers, the innovation of the Web, and the revelation of atomic vitality. By the end of WW2 and discovery of nuclear power the world finally began to rebuild. The advancements in electronics led to the making of powerful computers and machines. The idea of using robotics and computers for automation of tasks began taking shape. Soon personal computers were becoming common. Launch of ethernet and internet led to globalization to a scale which were never imagined. IoT term was coined in 1999 and soon cloud technology came into existence. Then the launch of social media revolutionized the way we connect with the world forever. This period has seen the rise of hardware like never before, from computers to modern advances that empower the computerization of mechanical forms. Advancements in telecommunications drove the way for far reaching globalization, which in turn empowered businesses to offshore generation to low-cost economies and radicalize commerce models around the world.
Computers and Automation
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was created in1946 by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. It was the first large-scale electronic computer. ENIAC’s successors were EDVAC,EDSAC, and the IAS Computer. Other early devices included George Stibitz’s Binary Calculator and Konrad Zuse’s Z1. The advent of the transistor and the integrated circuit chip produced the next major development in the evolution of the electronic computer.
The transistor was invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, W. H. Brattain, and W. B. Shockley at Bell Laboratories. Silicon was cheaper and its use improved the speed of production and reduced manufacturing costs. The integrated circuit, developed by Jack St. Clair Kilby, allowed more information to be stored in a smaller area. Transistors proved to be more reliable, less expensive, and faster than other technology of the time. Chips saved space, miniaturized connections, and provided the speed necessary for sophisticated scientific and commercial applications.
The Internet
The Internet began within the 1960s as a way for government analysts to share data. Computers within the ’60s were expansive and stationary and in order to create utilize of data stored in any one computer, one had to either travel to the location of the computer or have attractive computer tapes sent through the customary postal framework. Another catalyst within the arrangement of the Web was the warming up of the Cold War. The Soviet Union’s dispatch of the Sputnik adherent impelled the U.S. Defense Office to consider ways data might still be spread indeed after an atomic assault.
This in the long run led to the arrangement of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the organization that eventually advanced into what we presently known as the Web. ARPANET was an extraordinary victory but participation was constrained to certain scholastic and research organizations who had contracts with the Defense Division. In reaction to this, other systems were made to supply data sharing. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are connected to Personal Computers. Tim Berners-Lee, creates the HTML language and presents the World Wide Web to the open. Soon the primary webpage and IoT gadget were made, it was a toaster which can be turned on or off through the web. The first sound and video were conveyed over the Web. Amazon, Craigslist and eBay go live. The Internet’s change to a commercial endeavor is to a great extent completed. The Google search engine was born, changing the way clients lock in with the Internet.
Cloud and Social media
In 1997, Professor Ramnath Chellapa defined Cloud Computing as the new “computing paradigm”. In 1999, Salesforce became a popular example of using Cloud Computing successfully. They used it to pioneer the idea of using the Internet to deliver software programs to the end users. In 2002, Amazon introduced its web-based retail services.
The Cloud Computing Infrastructure Model gave them the flexibility to use their computer’s capacity much more efficiently. In 2006, Amazon launched Amazon Web Services, which offers online services to other websites, or clients. One of Amazon’s sites, called Amazon Mechanical Turk, provides a variety of Cloud-based services. In the same year google launched many cloud related products. The first recognizable social media site, Six Degrees, was created in 1997. It enabled users to upload a profile and make friends with other users. In 1999, the first blogging sites became popular, creating a social media sensation that’s still popular today.
After the development of blogging, social media started to blow up in popularity. Sites like MySpace and LinkedIn picked up noticeable quality within the early 2000s, and destinations like Photobucket and Flickr encouraged online photo sharing. YouTube came out in 2005, making a totally other way for individuals to communicate and share with each other over extraordinary separations. By 2006, Facebook and Twitter both got accessible to clients throughout the world. These destinations stay in a few of the foremost prevalent social systems on the Web. Other destinations like Tumblr, Spotify, Foursquare and Pinterest started popping up to fill particular social organizing specialties. It was around that time Netflix was launched which used cloud technology to create video streaming sites and introduced the term binge watch to the world.
Crowd Sourcing
Crowdsourcing includes finding work, information, or ideas from a large group of people who submit their data via the internet, social media and smartphone apps. People who take part in mass exploitation sometimes work as paid freelancers, while others do small volunteer work.
For example, traffic apps like Waze encourage drivers to report accidents and other traffic incidents in order to provide real-time, updated information to app users. Crowdsourcing is the collection of information, ideas, or work from a group of people, usually found online. Crowdsourcing work allows companies to save time and money while reaching out to people with different skills or ideas from around the world. While crowdsourcing requires job information or product, multiple refunds require funding for individuals, charities, or startup companies. The benefits of crowdsourcing include cost savings, speed, and the ability to work with talented people the internal team may not have.
Impact & Conclusion
The Third Mechanical Transformation made thousands of modern businesses and millions of occupations and laid the premise for an economical worldwide economy within the 21st century. It is characterized by productive thinking, entrepreneurial markets, and mass labor workforces and the starting of a modern period checked by collaborative behavior, social systems and proficient and specialized workforces. The world saw the rise of capitalism as companies like Google, Facebook etc are economic power houses even eclipsing many countries. What lies ahead is an ear of growth and prosperity with focus now shifting on creating dynamic and equal economies.
The new, green energy industries are improving performance and reducing costs at an ever accelerating rate. And just as the generation and distribution of information is becoming nearly free, renewable energies will also. The sun, wind, biomass, geothermal heat and hydropower are available to everyone and, like information, are never used up. Internet technology and renewable energies are beginning to merge. The power of the internet has now allowed young minds to compete with giants and do well which has led to entrepreneurship being one of the chosen fields of young individuals with great minds which in return is creating more jobs. In the new era, everyone can potentially be their own manufacturer as well as their own internet site and power company. The process is called 3-D printing. The Internet has transformed marketing from a significant expense to a negligible cost, allowing start ups and small enterprises to compete with many of the giant business enterprises of the 21st century. This has led to reconfiguration of the entire economic infrastructure of each country, creating millions of jobs and countless new goods and services.
References
Authors —
Bhavy Jaiswal, Aniket Shandilya, Harsh Sarve, Sanket Patel, Deependu Jha
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